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Production of Active Carbon Suitable for Waste Water Treatment Mine and Industrial Effluents

Author:
[ Saffari ] - Department Mining , University of Amirkabir

Abstract:

Drinking water quality, is considered as a major index of standard of life, social welfare and hygiene in the developed countries. Mining industries are most active in the developing countries where environmental concerns are ignored more frequently. Rapid paste of industrialisation and consequent increase in the volume of waste waters and effluents from mining industries in these countries have caused continuous increase in the concentration of the impurities and pollutants in the water resources. The substantial increase in the variety and quantity of these impurities in water reservoirs, lakes and seas indicate that present treatment facilities do not operate according to acceptable international standards and more efficient technologies and control must be employed. Activated carbon (AC) as an easily accessible and efficient adsorber can play an important role in these circumstances. Activated carbon is successfully used for removal of objectionable odors, colours and harmful impurities such as aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, pesticides and heavy metallic ions. In this article important features of producing suitable AC for urban water treatments and effluents from the mining industries are discussed. Considering huge resources and potentials for production of suitable AC, the great demand in the market for various industries and cheap raw materials available, and also the sizable import of high quality AC, should attract attention of large scale industrial production plants investors. In this article effects of quality of raw material and particle size, chemical activated agent, concentration, temperature, carbonisation and activation times are discussed. In order to increase the effective surface area of carbon, by creating more internal pores in micron scale for gas adsorption, chemical activation can be improved if followed by a physical activation method in a subsequent stage. Hence, parameters affecting performances of the unit operations involved, crushing equipment, kilns, dryers, and mixing vessels are also discussed here. Considering the increasing demand for AC from chemical industries, mineral processing plants, food industries, research and water treatment plants, it is likely that modern production plants will benefit from the emerging Iranian market.

Keywords:

Activated Carbon, Chemical and Physical Activation, Mineral Effluents and Industrial Wastes