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Abstract of the Article

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The Influence of Mining Extraction Methods on Polluting the Environment

Author:
[ Saffari ] - Department Mining , University of Amirkabir

Abstract:

As mining deals directly with nature and the surrounding environment, its destructive impact on them have long taken the attention of many technical and environmental as well as economics experts in the last few decades. The damage to the surface of the Earth caused by mining depends largely on: topographical conditions, extraction method and soil characteristics before the start of mining. Our environment is a complex system which has long been evolved in a slow paste as a result of enormous interactions of its living creatures and the organic and inorganic constituents of the earth surface. Hence, it has influenced human activities and has been influenced by them. A set of integrated activities consisting exploration, extraction and mineral processing of minerals are often referred to as Mining. Each of these affects the environment in its own particular way. Large scale open pit and underground methods are used for mining of some important ores considered crucial resources for strategically industries in the country, which lead to large scale environmental pollution with little incentive for control. Surface mining is often accompanied by severe unpleasant alterations of the nature and land appearance, as well as drop in soil quality for the needed subsequent agricultural renovations and increase in polluting the underground and surface waters in the area. In underground mining, although the appearance of the natural surrounding might be maintained for a limited time, the sinking of the land and the associated instability are often inevitable. Also, distribution of noxious gases, sulphur, and dust into air as well as destruction of water reservoirs caused by the damage to the Earth layers and beddings are commonplace. In this article, the environmental effects of these methods are discussed and compared particularly with respect to air, water and soil pollution as well as damages to the wild life and the associated sound pollutions.

Keywords:

Mining- environment- extraction method- air, water and sound pollution