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THE FAMILLIARITY WITH FLOOD-WARNING SYSTEMS AS WELL AS FLOOD-MANAGEMENT

Author:
[ Arash Baghalnezhad ] - The Head of The Great Karoon River Basin Reservoir Dams Planning Group, KWPA , The Assistance of Dam and Power Center Exploitation

Abstract:

1.Flood Definition: Although flood has been defined in different ways, it seems that (apart from the creating factor) when the superficial water flow exceeds the river capacity & covers the down lands along with the river margins, having chronological continuity as well as bringing up financial damages plus losses of life ,this event called Flood. Flood occurance is one problematical & prejudicial of the natural calamities all over the world as well as Iran. Flood phenomenon is regarded as of the natural calamities the most injurious one & its losses is equal to 70% of all the natural calamities losses. Flood-warning systems , Flood-management tool ,have been adopted as one non-structural ways in diminishing flood losses since some years ago while along with then science & technology have been applied in successive times. 2. Different Types of Flood Losses: The losses that arise from flood can be classified into two categories such as follows: A.Sensible Losses B.Insensible Losses 3. Different Types of Flood- Warning Systems: Flood –warning systems, Flood-Management Tool, are one non-structural ways for decreasing the flood losses & have got two types: A. The Manual Flood- Warning Systems B. The Automated Flood- Warning Systems 4. Importance of Forecasting Flood Exact Time The more exact flood- forecasting time, the less the range of losses is considerablly. If flood forecasting time increase , be more than 14 hours ,it won't cause flood losses to reduce. 5. Flood- Forecasting & Flood- Warning: Generally speaking, the purpose of flood –warning is to diminish the losses arising from flood. Flood –warning systems consist of two hardware & software sections: 5-1: The hardware system includes the following parts : 1. The Measuring Equipment 2. The Communicational plus the Dispatching Equipment 3. The Data-Saver Computer 5-2: The Software of Flood -Warning System: There are various software for simulating the precipitation-runoff process. Some software like HEC-1, HEC-HMS & WMS simulate flood in a single-event manner. The other software such as MIKE & VISTA simulate flood in a direct manner. 6. The Main Stages of Making Flood-Warning Systems: As a general rule, two main stages should be set to make flood –Warning Systems in sub- basins. These two are: A. The Calibration of Basin Model: Based on the recorded historical data on temperature, precipitation & river discharge the computing penetration , river base discharge & the unit hydrograph parameters are determined in this stage. B. Flood Routing in Different Cross- Sections of the River by Making Use of the Hydrologic as well as Hydraulic Methods; Moreover through Combining the Hydrographs at Downwards. 7. The Application of Flood- Warning Systems: The application of Flood-Warning Systems in basins are as follows: 1. The best exploitation of dams reservoirs for discharging sediments & creating a safe volume within the dams reservoirs to control flood to discharge the water from the reservoir so that downward has been sustained the least loss. 2. To declare the alarm to downwards regions in order to evacuate downward places. 3. To limit the sustained financial losses to the agricultural lands as well as the industrial units. 4. To study the phenomenon of Dam – Crashing 5. To design the hydraulic structures such as overflows

Keywords:

FLOOD-LOSS- DESIGNING-WARNING