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Disaster Vulnerability; a problem of Society or qa Problem for Society Case Study of Tehran Metropolits

Author:
[ Mahmood Ghadiry ] - phD student of Tabriz Modarres University

Abstract:

All along the history , human society has been in front of various hazards and has suffered many disasters. Therefore grandually investment and planning for mitigation and preparedness became serious and vital principle in all society. In this condition , for suitable policy making and get into sustaibble society in front of hazards and disasters, fundamental question is that: the vulnerability of individuals, groups, societies and every system in front of disasters is result of what? Are hazards and their magnitude and severity , fundamental causes of disasters? Or are social, economic and political structures? In fact, is vulnerability a problem of society or a problem for society? In response to this strategic question , the vulnerability as a social construct literature, first emerging as a radical alternative to the risk of exposure approach, has matured into a distinct field of study that has increasingly been represented at the institutional and policy level. Viewing vulnerability as a problem of society not a problem for society, vulnerability is treated as stemming from society not external to it. One the great strengths of the social construction approach is that it focuses upon the deeper underlying structural causes of vulnerability as apposed to the proximate causes. Policy to address vulnerability therefore shifts emphasis from the stimulus to the socioeconomic conditions of the system. Poverty reduction , increasing levels of equality, institutional reform, and strengthening social security, become important objectives for vulnerability reduction. In this article, the author first reviews definitions , concepts and approaches of vulnerability with emphasis on causes and agents of vulnerability , with varuables of exposure, sensitivity and capacity of response, and by PAR model, then he analyzes Tehran vulnerability in order to information disaster management and planning. Result is that the vulnerability of Tehran metropolitan is multi levels, multi dimensions, and outcome of socio-economic structures. So macro mitigation and reduction polices must be multi levels and multi dimensions with respect to risk management – Invulnerable sustainable development framework.

Keywords:

Hazard , social structure of vulnerability , Disaster , Tehran Metropolitan