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The Role of Livestock in Nitrous Oxide rroauctiun us u Greenhouse Gasas

Author:
[ Ali Moharrery ] -

Abstract:

the tern climate change refers to a global issue concerning our earth as a result of excessive greenhouse gas emission in the air. In this regard, nitrous oxide plays an important rol in the atmospheric radioactive balanve. Nitrous oxide brings in mide the use of it for anesthesia or laughing gas. Despite its low current concentration oT ;bout 6.3 pprnv, the atmospheric concentration of nitrous oxide is increasing. The rate of increase of nearly 0.3% per year. The growth in atmospheric N20 is caused by a large number ofpoorly known sources, but main source refers to agricultural activities, which formed about 70% of total N20 emission fiorn human activities. Nitrous oxide is regarded as one of the main greenhouse gases because of 1) its long atmospheric lifetime (: 0 120 years) and its radioactive forcing of about 3 10 times that of C02. 2) In the troposphere N20 is inert, but in the stratosphere N20 is destroyed by proteolysis, and a minor part by reaction with excited oxygen atoms. The latter reaction is the p+=ty of nitric oxide which. contributes to ozone depletion. In this regard, nitrous oxide not only contributes as a greenhouse gas, but as an indirect role which increase the intensity of ultra violet radiation to the earth surface. Probably most of the N20 in the earth's atmosphere is fkom microbiological processes in soils. which the major sources of N20 are generally accepted to be denitrification and nitrification. The inventory of N20 emission from animal excreta was based on estimates of nitrogen (N) excretion by various categories of domestic animals. Livestock has always formed the major basis of Iranian agriculteral sector, so they contribute also to climate change. The number of animal population based on the year 1994 and predicted for years of 2000 and 2005 are more than 70 million ruminant animals and about 1.4 million nonruminant large animals and near to 500 million poultry. Result of this research showed, according to IPCC recommendation near to 70 Gg.yearU1 (as 21 million tones C02 equivalent) nitrous oxide emitted from agricultural sector in year of 2000 which is more than 40% of this amount is related to livestock excretion. In the same manner this is predicted, N20 emission goes up to 88 Gg. yearly (26.5% more than year of 2000) when mitigation scenario will not be applicable.

Keywords:

Environment Pollution, Nitrous oxide, GHG's, and Ruminant, Manure.