The Effects and Benefits of Establishing Research and Develnpment Departments in Develnping Cnuntries; As We Experienced.  Fulltext 

[ mirza shahid arshad ] -
[ shamsi Allani ] -

خلاصه مقاله:

The state of affairs in industrim in developing coanlriw ir quitc p,or. with rcfcrcnce u) (RBD) Research and Development countries is quite poor. with refernce to (R&D) research and development . very few only big industris . involve themselves in these R&D activities. thus, a program has not really been made in sucg cintrues and compared to developed contrues.
With it lutckgmand <d exprriencr in induslries in PAKIS'J'AN 2nd IRAN. wc observed a monotonoas production over many yrarr and 110 worth while drvrlopmml in the industrim. Nothing new was in pmduclion over ouny yam. and thc nlilnpower stale rem;bined unchanged. with lhilrtlly any pmgress in expanding industries. Consumer ~narketsr aise their expeclations evetyday. and the industries concerned were
rclinhle. dttrirhle rtc. ilmms is on the increase r v q day. Keeping all lhne in view. Research and Dcveloprcnt (R&D) drpanments were mlablishetl and the industrics concerned were Home-Appliances e.g. Electric Inns. House - hoN items. Mnlical items and Electroplating in Pakistan. while the Medical industry in Iran.