Thromboembolic complication in children with nephrotic syndrome

thromboembolism is a recognized complication in children with nephrotic syndrome, although uncommon, may be associated with severe and life threatening outcomes. In this study we retrospectively reviewed cases of children with nephrotic syndrome with clinical thromboembolism.Methods and materials:In this observational study we reviewed cases of 70 children with primary nephrotic syndrome refered to pediatric nephrology clinic for manifestations of overt thromboembolism .Results : There were 48 male and 22 females ( male: female ratio 2.18) with mean age of 4.5 ± 2.45 years . only two male patients had presented with overt thromboembolism , one 6 year old patient with hematuria and pleuritic chest pain whom thrombosis of renal vein , inferior vena cava and pulmonary emboli was diagnosed for him and another 5 year old boy with severe headache and vomiting whose brain MRV revealed dural sinus venous thrombosis. Both patients after anticoagulation therapy fully recovered and are under follow up for their nephrotic syndrome.In this article we study prevalence of overt thromboembolism in our pediatric children with nephrotic syndrome and describe clinical manifestations and clinical outcome of these patients with a short review of thrombotic events in nephrotic syndrome.Conclusion:Clinical consideration of early signs and symptoms of thromboembolism in children with nephrotic syndrome may be important in timed diagnosis and management to prevent mortality and morbidity in these group of patients.