An Epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in west of Hormozgan during 2014-2018

Background: Leishmaniasis remains an important neglected vector-borne infection that affects about 2 million people each year in the world and 1.5 million of these are cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). According to reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) it is endemic in 98 countries and Over 90% of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in Afghanistan, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Syria, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua and other is in Perue.Objectives: This study was designed to determine the epidemiologic aspects of CL in west of Hormozgan during 2014- 2018.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional design in which 171 new CL cases from rural and urban areas of Bastak and Bandar Lengeh cities in west of Hormazgan province. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical examination and microscopic observation of the parasite in the ulcer site and also along with the approval of the Hormozgan University of medical sciences infectious disease control unit. Demographic characteristics and clinical information of positive CL cases were collectedand recorded. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and mann-whitney U tests by SPSS version 21.Results: The incidence of CL in rural areas was higher than in urban areas (2.31 versus 1.26 per 10,000 population). The annual incidence of the disease shows a significant increasing trend. The 5-year mean of CL incidence in under 10, age group (5.92 per 10,000 population) was significantly higher than the other age groups (0.83 per 10,000 population) (p=0.03). The highest incidence of the disease occurred in winter (45.6%). Among active CL cases, 81 (47.4%) were male and 90 (52.6%) female, that 97.7% of whom were of Iranian nationalit . The most common affected organs were face (39.2%) and hands (33.9%). In most cases (88.9%), the lesion was seen as a non-secretory wound.Conclusion: Total CL Incidence rate was 9.29 per 10,000 population that is higher than expected rate in west of Hormozgan. Therefore, preventive and therapeutic measures, especially in children, should be considered.

کلیدواژه ها:

Epidemiology ، Cutaneous leishmaniasis ، Hormozgan