The Future of eGovernment An exploration of ICT-driven models of eGovernment for Iran in 1404 (2025)

In the past, government organisations paid little attention to service quality or responsiveness to clients, but this changed with the movement termed "new public management" (NPM), which occurred in most developed nations around the 1990s (Hughes, 2003; Saxena, 1996). NPM emphasises professional management practices (rather than simply "administration") including service quality, performance management and risk management. E-governance is perhaps the second revolution in public management after NPM, which may transform not only the way in which most public services are delivered, but also the fundamental relationship between government and citizen. Broadly, e governance involves the use of information and communication technologies (K'Ts) to transact the business of government. At the level of service, e-governance promises a full service available 24 hours a day and seven days a week, greater accessibility, the capability to obtain government services without visiting government offices, and reduced service cost. At the level of basic factors (government accountability and general acceptance of state institutions), e-governance contributes to the functioning of democracy by online provision of government information which would otherwise be difficult to obtain or unavailable, and through online debates and plebiscites (Teicher etal., 2002).