Effect of Laser Beam on Physical Properties of Rocks: Laser-Rock Interaction Experiments

Rock destruction and removal is a significant issue in the process of oil and gas development. Over the years, billions of cubic meter of rock have beenremoved with tremendous capital investment. Studies on drilling petroleum reservoir rocks with lasers show that modern infrared lasers have thecapability to spall (thermally fragment), melt and vaporize natural earth materials with the thermal spallation being the most efficient rock removalmechanism. This paper will present the testing results of laser-rock interaction. Lasers cut drilling time by not contacting the rock, eliminating the need to stop and replace a mechanical bit. When using laser technology for perforation, the rock is left cleaner, and fluid flow paths for oil and gas production are damaged less. Researchers believe that state-of-theart lasers have the potential to penetrate rock faster than conventional boring technologies – a huge benefit in reducing the high costs of operating a drill rig.