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ECODESIGN STRATEGIES AS A BASIS FOR GREEN DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS  Fulltext 

[ Hesamedin Ostad-Ahmad-Ghorabi ] - Vienna University of Technology - Institute for Engineering Design Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna, Austria

خلاصه مقاله:

Ecodesign aims at minimizing the environmental impact of products throughout their entire life cycle. This is a new challenge for many organizations but at the same time a driver for stimulating innovative ideas in product development.
An engineer in product development chooses and defines the materials needed for the product, affects the process technologies needed, influences the mode of transport and determines consumptions in the use stage as well as treatment possibilities in the end of life stage of the product. Experiences gained from industry projects show that accompanying companies during their product development process can effectively lead to the establishment of Life Cycle Thinking, green development, green product concepts and environmentally sound products [Pamminger, Huber, Wimmer 2007]. Various tools, easy to apply approaches and methods are already available which can assist product development engineers in tracking the environmental contribution of their products throughout their life cycle [Ostad-Ahmad-Ghorabi, Wimmer 2005, Lofthouse 2006]. The earlier Ecodesign aspects are considered during product development processes, the larger is the potential for innovation throughout the life cycle stages. However, to be able to obtain a detailed quantified environmental profile of a product as well as to gain ISO conformity of the assessment procedure, conducting a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based on ISO 14044 [ISO 14044 2006] series is essential. Based on the results of the environmental profile, environmental improvement strategies can be obtained. Integrative approaches for implementing LCA and Ecodesign into decisive early design stages may be an additional burden to designers and engineers in product development. On the one hand designers and engineers are not necessarily environmental experts and on the other hand an environmental evaluation will confront them with a huge amount of additional data, numbers and facts. But at the same time they make many important decisions during the design stages which influence the resource consumption of the organization and the environment directly. This paper introduces a practicable approach for the implementation of Ecodesign into early design stages and discusses results of projects conducted with industry in this field. Further it will show how Ecodesign can help to establish a green development line and enhance the implementation of effective strategies in early design stages.