The Development of Rock Engineering in South Africa

سال انتشار: 1380
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 1,859

فایل این مقاله در 19 صفحه با فرمت PDF قابل دریافت می باشد

استخراج به نرم افزارهای پژوهشی:

لینک ثابت به این مقاله:

شناسه ملی سند علمی:

IRMC01_057

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 11 اسفند 1384

چکیده مقاله:

This paper is intended to place on record the development of rock engineering in South Africa to serve as an example and encouragement to other groups or countries where the same level of development has not yet been reached. In South Africa, the emphasis in rock engineering is on the mining industry, being the most important contributor to the national economy. The fortunes of rock engineering is thus linked to the well-being of the mining industry. The paper discusses the development of rock engineering in South Africa against the background of the history of the mining industry and political development of the country. The physical underground coal mining environment in South Africa is similar to that in the USA and Australia. The depth of mining is typically 50 to 250 m and the mining height approximately 2 to 3 m. The seams are mostly flat or have small inclinations. By contrast, gold is mined at depths approaching 3 800 m below surface. The deposits are also tabular, ranging from as little as 0,8 m thick to over 2 m in a metamorphic rock environment, mostly quartzite. Rock temperatures are in the region of 50' C to 60' C. Virgin rock stress levels are in the range 75 MPa to 90 Mpa and can be concentrated several times by the creation of mining openings. Platinum is mined in the intermediate depth range of 50 m to 1 000 m below surface. 'The rock environment is igneous. Other important minerals that are mined include dianionds, mostly contained in igneous pipes and mined by block caving methods, iron ore and other base metals. The major mining activity is in coal, gold and platinnm.

نویسندگان

Nielen van der Merwe

Department of Mining Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

مراجع و منابع این مقاله:

لیست زیر مراجع و منابع استفاده شده در این مقاله را نمایش می دهد. این مراجع به صورت کاملا ماشینی و بر اساس هوش مصنوعی استخراج شده اند و لذا ممکن است دارای اشکالاتی باشند که به مرور زمان دقت استخراج این محتوا افزایش می یابد. مراجعی که مقالات مربوط به آنها در سیویلیکا نمایه شده و پیدا شده اند، به خود مقاله لینک شده اند :
  • Anon (1908). Ophirton Earth Tremors Committee. Dept, of Minerals and ...
  • Anon (1915). witwa tersrand Earth Tremors Commission. Dept. of Minerals ...
  • Anon (1924). Witwatersrand Earth Tremors Commitee. Dept. of Minerals and ...
  • Anon (1964). Rockburst committee. Dept. of Minerals and Energy, South ...
  • Anon (1977). An Industry Guide _ the Amelioration of the ...
  • Bieniawski, Z.T. (1968). In situ Strength And Defomation Charactenistics _ ...
  • Cartwright, A.P. (1962). The Gold Miners. Pumell & Sons, Cape ...
  • Girunca, R.G. and Gay, N.C. (1993). Mining with Backfll - ...
  • Jurd, R.G. (1987). The Role of The south African coa/ ...
  • Van der Mewe, J.N. (2001). Analysis Of Failed Pillar Cases ...
  • Van Zyl, D (1986). The Discovery Of Riches. Don Nelson ...
  • Woijno, L.Z., Jager, A.J. and Roberts, M.K.C. (1987) Recemmen ded ...
  • نمایش کامل مراجع