Background and Aim : Alcohol is the seventh leading risk factor for death and disability globally [1]. Due to the Islamic
prohibition of alcohol consumption, alcohol policy is an under-studied and sensitive topic in
Muslim majority countries (MMC). In addition, populations in these countries may face barriers to
treatment access due to stigma or legal status of alcohol. Using
Iran as a case study, this paper aims to explore how alcohol
treatment is planned/ delivered in the complex environment of a MMC. Methods : We searched academic and grey literature, and policy documents, for information on the development and implementation of alcohol
treatment policy in Iran, and conducted 6 consultations to verify information obtained. The search was conducted in English, Persian and Arabic. We analysed information based on the Walt & Gilson health policy analysis triangle. This identifies content, context, actors and process as key factors for understanding policy. Results :
Iran initiated an alcohol-specific national strategy in 2011-2012 that aims to prevent, reduce and treat alcohol use disorders. This strategy has been designed to be implemented on a multi-sectoral level. Screening and prevention is mainly initiated in primary health care settings and cases are referred accordingly. Alcohol
treatment is provided in specialised outpatient and inpatient settings. Due to contextual factors such as stigma, feasibility and affordability, alcohol outpatient units are planned to be integrated into the existing drug addiction
treatment facilities. However, the Ministry of Health has faced many obstacles in implementing this pilot project. To date only small numbers of outpatient and inpatient units have formally commenced offering alcohol
treatment in the country. Conclusion : Implementing alcohol
treatment services is challenging for Iran, primarily due to slow administrative process of official approval of new
treatment programs which might be a result of not seeing it as a priority and caution due to existing
prohibition for Muslim majority population in the country. MMCs make up a quarter of countries globally, and the findings of this study suggest that WHO and other global agencies could develop targeted support for MMCs. Consequently, they can assist MMCs to develop appropriate services that are feasible for their unique alcohol policy environment