Introduction to Safe and Sound Bunkering  Fulltext 

[ Ali akbar safaei ] - Deputy in maritime and port operations bandar abbas

خلاصه مقاله:

Ninety percent dependency of the world trade on the sea has proved the importance of the sea and shipping. This is because the shipping in not only cheap and the safest mode of transport but also with least environment effect. These characteristics have led shipping to be indispensable tool to the trade globalization. Having more than 40,000 vessels carrying international trade goods from origin to desitination by navigating 30,000 billion ton miles has long time introduced the shipping to have been one of the mother industry. Other related industries and activities such as ship building, stores , classification, repair , navigational equipment, and bunkering are derived from shipping , the above figures themselves are indicating the amount of fuel required to accomplish the envisaged voyages for every single vessel. From another view point every port is trying to supply all the vessel needs inside their respective port as one of the marketing tools to attract more cargo and traffic. However , the safety and environment preservation should not be ignored in the bunkering operation.
To sound handling this operation, international efforts with national practices are to be discussed in this paper. It is worth mentioning that there is more done in order to elaborate all aspects of bunkering.