NEOTYPHODIUM ENDOPHYTES FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT

سال انتشار: 1392
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 974

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شناسه ملی سند علمی:

NIAC01_013

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 25 فروردین 1394

چکیده مقاله:

Neotyphodium endophytes from Ascomycets have wide distribution among cool season grass species. The fungus lives in plant intercellular spaces of aerial parts and cannot disassociate from host tissues. It transfers vertically and through maternal host making gene escape of no concern. In the grass family Poaceae, fungal endophytes have been found in Poeae tribe in the genera Festuca, Lolium, and Poa, Bromeae tribe in the genus Bromus, Stipeae tribe in the genus stipa, Meliceae tribe, Aveneae tribe and Triticeae tribe. In Triticeae, the fungal endophytes have been found in Elymus, Hordeum and wild species of Triticum. The most widely known and demonstrated endophytes from genus Neotyphodium are N. coenophialum, N. lolii and N. uncinatum that infect tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and meadow fescue (F. pratensis Huds.), respectively. The symbiotic fungi enhance plant characters including performance, insect and mammalian deterrence, nematode resistance and tolerance to drought, salt and other biotic and abiotic stresses.Interaction between Neotyphodium endophytes and cool-season grasses culminates a defensive mutualism in which endophytes produce a range of alkaloids or stimulate the host grass to synthesize alkaloids and other secondary metabolites that protect macrosymbiont (host) from mammalian, insect, and nematode herbivores. Neotyphodium endophytes have been found in some Iranian grass species including Bromus tomentellus Melica persica, Festuca arundinacea, F. pratensis and Lolium perenne. This has opened new doors for improving new grass varieties using Neotyphodium-grass association

نویسندگان

Aghafakhr Mirlohi

Professor, assistant professor and associate professor-College of agriculture Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

Mohammad Reza Sabzalian

Professor, assistant professor and associate professor-College of agriculture Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

Mohammad Mahdi Majidi

Professor, assistant professor and associate professor-College of agriculture Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran