Spatial and temporal changes of microglia and macrophages cell after traumatic spinal cord injury in rat: A systematic review

Background and Aim : Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating type of neurological trauma with limited therapeutic opportunities. Among all the secondary injury mechanisms, the inflammatory response play major role in pathophysiology of spinal cord and neurologic function. The present systematic review was performed to reach an evidence-based knowledge in the context of the temporal-spatial pattern of microglia/macrophages changes as inflammatory cell depend on model of injury (contusion, compression and transection) to find appropriate time of intervention.Methods : PubMed and EMBASE were searched with no temporal or linguistic restrictions. Non-interventional and non-transgenic animal studies confined to the rat species discussing microglia /macrophages cell changes were evaluatedResults : We found 11,557 studies, 26 of which met the inclusion criteria. In all three models of spinal cord injury, the reactivity of the microglia/macrophages initiates in early hours after injury. In compression model the highest cell activity was reported within 48 hours to 28 days. However, in contusion and transection models it reached maximum 7 days and between 4 to 60 days respectively. In all three injury models, inflammatory response occurred at the epicenter, in or near the lesion site in both gray and white matter with a maximum extension of 1 cm rostral to the epicenter in the gray matter in contusion and transection models.Conclusion : The findings of this systematic review show that the pathophysiology of microglia/macrophages cell differs in various phases of SCI. Time-dependent morphological changes, peak time of cell reactivity and the area of inflammatory response depend on injury models were determined.

کلیدواژه ها:

Spinal cord injury ، Microglia ، Macrophages ، Rat