Investigation of Individual and Social Aspects of Human Psyche in Ideas of Rhazes

In this research, viewpoints of Rhazes about knowing human psyche have investigated in these sections: human creation, structure of the soul’s parts, relationship between soul and body, reason’s position, mental health of human, social aspect of human psyche and situation after death. The method of this paper is documentary analysis and reviewing of library resources. The statistical society of this research is accessible historical resources, works and documents such as three valuable remained works of Rhazes (al-Tib al-Rouhani, al-Sirah al-Falsafiah and Akhlaq al-Tabib). In addition, the researches about him are used to understand his lifetime’s situations and apprehension of his works. About human’s creation, Rhazes believes that soul belonged to a transcendental world before its merging with matter, and was uncreated. Rhazes -like many of Islamic philosophers- holds that reason is the distinguisher between human and animal and it deserves to command other two faculties. He mixed this idea -that was taken from Plato- with the idea of moderation -which was taken from Aristotle- to make the theory of balance of faculties. In Rhazes opinion, if the balance of these faculties be disorders and one of them does an extreme act, the human’s soul will become sick. In his view, the way to treat these diseases is to interact with others and to use them as a mirror for his soul. The utopia of Rhazes is a society in which individual and collective wisdom is dominant. He posed a remarkable theory about gaining pleasure and introduced it as process of returning to natural state. From Rhazes viewpoint, death is the soul’s salvation of matter’s prison and soul’s comeback to his transcendental world.

کلیدواژه ها:

Rhazes ، Anthropology ، Soul’s Faculties ، Relationship Between Soul and Body ، Social Aspect of Human Psyche