An Advanced Operator Training Simulator (OTS) as Part of the open System Architercture Energy Management Systems  Fulltext 

[ Jabbar ] - Empros Systems International 3 Roundwood Avenue2300 Berkshire Lane North Slockley ParkMinneapolis, Minnesota 55441 Uxbridge Middlesex UB11 1AG England
[ Sigari ] - Empros Systems International 3 Roundwood Avenue2300 Berkshire Lane North Slockley ParkMinneapolis, Minnesota 55441 Uxbridge Middlesex UB11 1AG England

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Today's power system operators are trained mainly in classrooms and on the job. As power systems gradually increased in size and complexity, the operator's skills and experience increased accordingly. New operators are faced with the challenge of assimilating the experience of veteran
operators through reports and on-the-job training.
This type of training just is not sufficient to prepare operators for the full range of conditions that can occur during a major distrubance to the poqwer system. Historically, most of the problems that have caused emergency near-blackout or blackout conditions were problems that operators have not encountered before.
In recent years, training simulators have begun to change dramatically the way control center operators can be trained. A computerized simulator that realisically models the behavior of entire power system can represent a wide variety of conditions rarely encountered during actual
operations, allowing trainees to accumulate years of operating experience in a short time without affecting customer service or damaging power system equipment.