A Study of Metaphor Equivalents in the First & Last Persian Translations of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

سال انتشار: 1392
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 1,456

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TELT01_123

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 28 آذر 1392

چکیده مقاله:

William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1601. It is story of a Danish prince who comes back to his country after his father's death and finds out that his uncle and mother got married. He understands that his uncle killed his father, so he tries to take revenge. The play has ever since been the subject of scrutiny and mythologizing and a source of inspiration for the scholars, scientists, translators, adaptors, parody makers and poets to formulate their ideas based on the various forms and endless motifs inherent in Hamlet. Hamlet was welcomed in Iran at the dawn of the modern era. It was first translated into Persian Language by Masood Farzad in 1957. The Shakespeare's masterpiece has been also translated by Mahmoud Etemadzadeh (M.A. Behazin), Dariush Shahin, Alaaddin Pazargadi, Mostafa Rahimi, Esmail Fasih, Mir shamsaddin Adibsoltani, and Arash Kheirabadi. The play has a complex plot and structure. The ambiguous language of Hamlet had soon proved to be a high hurdle for the translators to jump over. The ambiguity in the statements seems to be due to the excessive use of metaphors. This study intends to examine the nature of metaphors in the text of the play in order to examine the quality of the fulfilled task of the two Persian translators in terms of providing appropriate equivalents for this figure of meaning. It will also investigate whether the translators were familiar with the textual qualities of Hamlet, being replete with metaphors. Thus, the translated texts of Hamlet into the Persian language, produced by Masood Farzad (1957) and Arash Kheirabadi (2010) were selected for the study. Examples of metaphors were picked up from the text for the examination of their translation equivalents. The quality of the translations was weighed according to the seven strategies Peter Newmark has suggested in his book ‘Approaches to Translation’ (1988). His strategies include, reproducing the same image in the TL, replacing the image in the SL with the standard TL image, translating a metaphor by simile, translating a metaphor by simile plus sense, converting a metaphor into sense, deletion, and conveying the same metaphor combined with sense. The researchers got to the result that the translators employed some strategies such as explaining the cases of metaphors in the introductions and footnotes to display the intricacies of the text. They also reproduced the same image in the target language, deleted the metaphor, or rendered it into a simile.

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نویسندگان

Marjan Salehi

M.A. student), Department of English, East Azarbaijan, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad

Bahloul Salmani

Ph.D.), Department of English, East Azarbaijan, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University