ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS OF SYSTEMS KAHRIZ IN ORDUBAD

Being in the structure of Nakhchivan Autonomus Republic Ordubad is one of the oldest dwellings that hold Middle Ages’ town structure in itself. River Ordubad running through the territory of town divides the town into two parts – Sarshahar and Ambaras. Under feudalism the place called Gala which was situated in the right side of Ordubad river had been considered the center of the town. Afterwards the center of Ordubad was moved to the place called Juma masjidi which was situated in the left side of the river. After the movement of the area of town had been reconstructed again in the Middle Ages town construction systematically. Being the center Juma masjidi the town had been built in the south-west direction. The town square and district squares are joined by narrow roads. The districts consist of small squares, dwelling houses and small mosques built in narrow streets going to the squares, the mosque built in the square, twice plane trees and underground water coming out to the earth’s surface. Ordubad is rich in historic architectural monuments. The architecture of kahriz (underground water supply) occupies a special place between these monuments. For providing the inhabitants of Ordubad with water constantly the kahriz system had been constructed in the area of town. The kahriz systems constructed in dwellings have some functions: 1. they provided water supplement of encircled town in old times; 2.during the hot summer months auspicious microclimate appears by the kahrizs running through the gardens and districts; 3. in dry summer months the inhabitants water the plantations by the kahrizs etc. The kahriz of Ordubad resembles the cobweb. Kahriz spheres passing through 8-10 meters in gardens come out to the earth’s surface in other yards and districts. The inhabitants use the water coming out to the earth’s surface efficiently. The kahriz water turn the yards by neat aryk there, provide the filling of ponds in gardens and is passed to the neighbor gardens, or the plantations are watered. To go down the sphere of kahrizs for having water sewerages have been dug. Forty stepps have been constructed over the kahrizs passing through deep layers in the gardens. The constructions of forty stairs’ architecture differ in its variety. These cells have been built in the shape of frowned arch and dome of burnt bricks, mountain stones, river stones. The inhabitants use the cells both for having water and for keeping food. Besides providing the water need of inhabitants the underground water supply of Ordubad is a valuable architectural monument. The kahrizs is not only mainly for taking water, but also the result of material-culture. This topic is explained in details in the paper

کلیدواژه ها:

Ordubad ، kahriz ، forty stairs ، architectural monument