Romina Kardan - Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Mohsen Nazari - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Jaber Hemmati - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Amjad Ahmadi - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESThe gut microbiota, which is now recognized as an important organ of the human body, can have an impact on various neurological outcomes such as cognition, learning, and memory. In addition, the gut microbiota can regulate brain growth and behavior, which plays a role in several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anxiety, stress, and others.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease and to highlight appropriate microbiota-based therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease. The approaches examined in this study provide a foundation for identifying the mechanisms of the gut microbiome's ability to influence the brain and host behavior. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the gut-brain axis may establish a connection between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and may aid in the prevention or early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONFecal microbiota transplant, prebiotic, and probiotic laid the groundwork for identifying the mechanisms underlying the ability of the gut microbiota to influence host's brain and behavior. It could help in preventing or early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease possibly through some peripheral biomarkers. If this hypothesis is valid and that gut microbiota is involved in Parkinson's disease etiology, we might be looking at a new therapeutic and treatment regimen probably focused on dietary and pharmacological interventions to maintain healthy gut microbiota.CONCLUSIONRecent studies have also shown that patients with Parkinson's disease have a disruption in gut microbiota balance (dysbiosis), but the exact role of this in causing the neurological disorder is still unknown. However, new approaches based on gut microbiota can be developed for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's

Microbiome, Gut-brain axis, Parkinson's disease, Probiotics, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation