Parastoo Nikkhouy - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Mehdi Abbasnejad - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Razieh Kooshki - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

Background: The mode of delivery might prompt a long-lasting alteration in physiological and behavioral responsiveness in offspring. Objective: This study was intended to evaluate if the mode of delivery could alter sensitivity to thermal and chemical stimuli in female rats. Materials and Methods: ۵۶ adult female Wistar rats (۲۰۰-۲۲۰ gr) that were born by vaginal or cesarean section (C-section) were used (n = ۲۸/each). Inflammatory pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin into the hind paw. The thermal nociceptive threshold was determined by tail-flick and hot plate tests. Besides, the Western blot test was used to evaluate the spinal cord levels of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins. Results: Formalin-induced inflammation was significantly decreased in C-section group as compared to vaginally born rats (p < ۰.۰۰۱). The baseline nociceptive threshed and morphine-induced analgesia were significantly increased in C-section groups in comparison to vaginally born rats. In addition, the levels of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins were significantly decreased in the spinal cord of C-section rats as compared to vaginally born animals (p < ۰.۰۱). Morphine treatment could decrease the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in the C-section group (p < ۰.۰۵). Conclusion: Overall, C-section rats showed lower spinal nociceptive processing and neuronal activity later in life, compared to the vaginal born rats.

Childbirth, C-section, Nociception, Inflammation, Rats., زایمان, سزارین, درد, التهاب, موش های صحرایی