Murugesan Balasubramanian - Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - ۶۴۱ ۰۴۶, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Biotechnology, KSR college of Technology, Tiruchengode, Namakkal - ۶۳۷ ۲۱۵, Tamil Nadu, India. Coor
R Neethu Raj - Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - ۶۴۱ ۰۴۶, Tamil Nadu, India
V Gayathri - Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - ۶۴۱ ۰۴۶, Tamil Nadu, India
K.M Maria John - Laboratory of Functional Metabolomics, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, ۱ Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul - ۱۴۳ ۷۰۱, South Korea

Benzidine (BZ), O-dianisidine (OD) and Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) compounds are commonly used in hair dyes, textiledying and paper coloring industries. These dyes are reported to have genotoxic property. When such dyes are let it to effluent addssignificant carcinogenicity to the rodent and human, removal of such dyes remain essential. Application of Calotropis giganteaperoxidase (CgPOD) for biotransformation of these genotoxic dyes found to be one of the effective processes to reduce thetoxicity. When BZ and OD were exposed to CgPOD, get transferred from genotoxic to non-genotoxic form, whereas the PPDtransformed to the genotoxic form due to the formation of cyclohexa-2,5-dione-1,4-diylidenediamine compound. The structuralchanges were elucidated using FT-IR & 1H NMR, which confirmed the biotransformed structure of PPD, BZ and OD tocyclohexa-2,5-dione-1,4-diylidenediamine, bis-(4’-amino-biphenyl-4-yl)-diazene and bis-(3,3’-dimethoxy-4’-amino-biphenyl-4-yl)-diazene, respectively. In conclusion, although the BZ and OD are genotoxic and not in the case of PPD when exposed tohuman systems, the CgPOD mediated metabolites of BZ and OD were non-genotoxic as shown in DNA fragmentation assay andfluorescence assay. Whereas the PPD metabolite induce or activate genotoxicity when exposed to lymphocytes and it shows13.05% residual fluorescence intensity at 0.15 mg/ml. Hence the CgPOD mediated biotransformation can be effectively used inthe treatment of BZ and OD containing dye effluents and should not be used in dyes having PPD.

Benzidine, Biotransformation, Calotropis gigantean, O-dianisidine, Paraphenylenediamine, Plant peroxidase