K Salehi - Agronomy and plant breeding group, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P. O. Box:465, Khorramabad, Iran
F Nazarian-Firouzabadi - Agronomy and plant breeding group, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P. O. Box:465, Khorramabad, Iran

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), an important medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family,has a wide distribution in Iran and other parts of the world. The medicinal and pharmacological effects ofchamomile are mainly associated with its essential oil content and it is widely used in food, cosmetics andpharmaceutical industries. Despite its wide geographical distribution in Iran, little is known about itsmolecular genetic diversity and distribution. In this study, intron-exon splice junction (ISJ) markers,including both intron-targeted (IT) and exon-targeted (ET) primers, were used to assess the geneticdiversity of thirty-one chamomile populations, including 28 populations from different parts of Iran, oneHungarian population, and two of unknown origin. Twenty-six out of thirty-five primers used in thestudy, were reliable, producing a total number of 566 sharp and precise bands, of which 557 bands werepolymorphic (98%). The average polymorphic information content (PIC) and the average marker index(MI) were calculated at 0.33 and 7.34, respectively. The average total genetic diversity (HT), averagegenetic diversity within population (HST) and gene differentiation coefficient (Gst) were 0.293, 0.219, and0.251, respectively. The diversity data revealed that the Matricaria chamomilla species exhibited theclosest relationship with the Tripleurospermum disciforme and Tripleurospermum sevanense species.

Iranian Chamomile; Matricaria chamomilla; Genetic diversity; ISJ markers;polymorphism