Mehdi Haghi - MSc Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
Arash Javeri - MD, PhD Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
Masoumeh Fakhr Taha - PhD Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran

Introduction & Aims: It has been shown that miR-34 family (miR-34a/b/c) are direct targets of p53 and miR-34a is expressed at higher levels than the other members. MiR-34 family are involved in induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene is also a miR-16 target. It has been shown that miR-16 is either deleted or downregulated in cancer and therefore miR-16 has been suggested as a possible ‘hot spot’ in cancer transformation. Therefore, based on the functional similarities between miR- 34a and miR-16 we aimed to investigate whether overexpression of miR-34a and miR-16 can cooperate in induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell lines were transfected with synthetic hsa-miR-16 mimic, hsa-miR-34a mimic, or both using HiPerFect transfection reagent (all from Qiagen, Germany). A mock transfection was also included as the control. The cells were re-transfected after 72 h and harvested at the 7th day. Analysis of apoptotic cell population was performed using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry. Data were analyzed by FlowJo software (Tree Star Inc, Ashland,USA).Results: In both cell lines, either miR-16 or miR-34a induced apoptosis individually. Meanwhile,transfection of the cells with both miR-16 and miR-34a showed a significant increase in the apoptosis rate which was higher than individual apoptotic rate of either miR-34a or miR-16. Therefore miR-34a and miR- 16 synergistically induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Our results are indicating that miR-34a and miR-16 can cooperate in induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The synergistic effect of these miRNAs on the apoptotic cancer cell population may have potential applications in inhibition and treatment of invasive cancer types