BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE CYTOCHROME P450 ENZYMES IN PLANTS

Plant cytochrome P450 enzymes form the largest family of enzymes of the plant specialized metabolism with usually around 300 to 500 P450-encoding genes present in each fully higher plant fully sequenced genome. They catalyze slow and rate-limiting steps in the biosynthesis or catabolism of all plant hormones and thus contribute to regulate plant growth and shape, but also in the metabolism of many bioactive compounds important for plant defense and communication with other plants, insects and microorganisms. The latter can have useful industrial applications for the biosynthesis of drugs, biopesticides, dyes, perfumes and aroma, but also agronomical applications for the management of plant defenses (Mizutani and Ohta, 2010; Bak et al., 2011; Renault et al., 2014). Some examples of these different functions and applications will be described.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cytochromes P450 ، superfamily ، monooxygenases ، plant hormones ، communication ، defense ، pesticide metabolism