Diesel Exhaust Nano-Particles Exposure: Depression and Anxiety related Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative stress in male and female mice

Background and Aim : Air pollution exposures in addition to increased morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, may cause oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and contribute to the escalating prevalence to central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Air pollution is a major contributor to global air pollution, and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), is its most important component. Diesel exhaust (DE) contains more than 40 toxic air pollutants and is a major constituent of ambient particulate matter (PM), particularly of ultrafine-PM. We hypothesized that females may be less susceptible than males to DEPs exposure neurotoxicity, Anxiety and Depression.Methods : Sub-chronic exposure of NMRI mice to DEPs (350–400 μg/m3 for 6 h per day, 5 day per week and 14 weeks) caused significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), nNOS and HO1 in various brain regions such as olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus (HI).Results : DEPs exposure also caused anxiety and depression in male and female mice. The observed effects were less pronounced in female than in male mice in a number of cases. Male mice appeared to be significantly more susceptible than female mice to induced neuroinflammation by DEPs exposure.Conclusion : Findings indicate that sub-chronic exposure to DEPs causes Anxiety and Depression, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in brain, and suggests that sex may play important roles in modulating susceptibility to anxiety and depression related DEPs neurotoxicity.

کلیدواژه ها:

Air Pollution ، Anxiety and Depression ، Diesel exhaust Nano-particles ، Neuro-inflammation ، Oxidative stress ، Neurotoxicity