The Role of S100B Biomarker in Brain Injuries

Background and Objectives: One of the most common injuries, is brain damage. Following the nervous injuries, biomarker levels such as S100B level increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If the blood-brain barrier is damaged, high amount of biomarkers can be observed in serum, too. Depending on the severity of the damage, the probability of surviving, is low. However the risk of other neurodegenerative diseases increased in who survive. So, without loss of time, we should determine the severity of the injuries and take action. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of S100B biomarker in diagnosing the severity of brain injuries, immediately. Search method: In this systematic review, 722 articles was found with S100B Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) key word in Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus databases and Google Scholar search engine. Articles entry the study, which had both words, S100B and words related to brain damage such as TBI, Brain/Head injury, in their titles. In addition, articles related to humans, was selected in pubmed database, too. This study included 1995-2015 time interval. With these filters, 85 articles reviewed. Findings: In the health-related sciences, biomarkers are peripheral molecules that have diagnostic value in pathological conditions. Recently, assessment of calcium binding proteins S100 family are used as a biomarker in different pathological cases. S100B is one of the members that mainly released in two Nano and micro amounts from the nervous tissue such as astroglial cells. The Nano amounts in physiological conditions, stimulate the growth of neurons, while the micro amounts in pathological cases, leads to neuronal apoptosis. Conclusion: In TBI, S100B secretion from brain tissue exceed from the Nano amounts. As well as Increased amount of secretion is directly related to the severity of the injury. Therefore, the severity of brain damage can be determined by measuring S100B in CSF and serum. If this process continued, diagnosing the severity of injuries and their side effects can be done with simple tests, in order to save time and costs.

کلیدواژه ها:

S100B biomarker ، Brain injuries ، Cerebrospinal fluid ، Serum ، Blood-brain barrier