The burning of fossil fuels has created a concern for unstable petroleum sources, as well as, the rising cost of fuels. These concerns have shifted global efforts to utilize renewable resources for the production of a greener energy. Cellulose is the most abundant biomass on Earth. Cellulase enzymes are the class of enzymes that produced by the fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that use the cellulose as a carbon source and generate cellulolytic. This process is the hydrolysis of cellulose.
Economic and geopoliticalfactors (high oil prices, environmental concerns, and supply instability) led policy-makers to focus more on renewable energy sources. New scientific advances in the field of biology and basic technology can generate significant scientific excellence through metabolic engineering. There is justified that the full potential of biofuel production from cellulosic biomass will be obtainable in the next 10 to 15 years. In this study for this regard, 72 strains of bacteria were collected from different regions (Khorasan, Hamedan, Ardebil, Kerman) of Iran, which had a high chance of producing cellulase. These bacteria were grown ina culture that containing the CMC. To ensure the synthesis of cellulase, the liquid M9 media containing
CMC were used and the growth of the bacteria was investigated. After the screening of cellulases bacteria, the DNA of these bacteria was extracted. The 16S rDNA gene of cellulases producing strains was amplified using standard PCR protocol. Primers 8F and 1541R were used to amplify the 16S ribosomal gene and analyzed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Finally, the clean-up PCR product was subjected to cycle sequencing. The results show that 12 samples were able in the formation of a clear area in the culture medium indicates the decomposition of cellulose and production of the cellulase enzymes. In following, these strains were identified using 16S rDNA. The results show that some of these screened bacteria belonged to the Bacillus sp. In the end, the bioinformatics analysis and phylogenetic tree of these strains will be conducted.