A Survey of Quantum Key Distribution Protocols

The public key encryption is one of the most widely used methods based on mathematical complexity, which is used for protecting transferred messages between the two communicative sides. Many encryption systems work on the basis of Prime numbers, which obtaining these numbers is difficult for modern computers. But with the advent of quantum computers, it has become possible to obtain the factors of a great number with polynomial temporal complexity using special algorithms, such as Peter Shor algorithm. If appropriate measures are not taken along with production of quantum computers, the governments and big economic organizations would be hit in terms of security, and hence, a large amount of encrypted data would be lost. For this purpose, the quantum-based key distribution solution is proposed to deal with the problem of ineffective Mathematical complexity of this encryption, which provides a secure communication based on quantum physics between the sender and the receiver. The quantum encryption methods used for the improvement of security in data transmission are divided into two categories: correlation pair and Heisenberg probabilities. In this article, firstly we describe the principles of quantum encryption and then we evaluate and compare the key distribution algorithms.

کلیدواژه ها:

Quantum key distribution ، Qubit ، Photon