Operational Problems Caused by Phase Changes in Oil and Gas Industries

Various parameters develop an energy potential difference in a system, which induct transformations of matter in the system to approach equilibrium condition. One of the mentioned transformations is roll-over phenomenon, which occur when new LNG enters a tank partially filled with another LNG. It is very important to well mix cargo and inventory to prevent LNG stratification in order to prevent roll-over phenomenon in the tank. Another common phase change is Hydrates formation, which is a major risk in transporting oil and gas and can block pipelines, valves and the relief system. It also has the potential to interrupt production. In general, methods used to prevent hydrate formation can be classified as Inhibitors, heat, depressurization and dehydration. 3rd arising problem due to the phase transmission is asphaltene deposition. These depositions can reduce the efficiency of the pipeline and well-head production. They may cause corrosion or plug the pipeline. Methods used to remove waxes accumulations can be classified as mechanical, thermal and chemical.

کلیدواژه ها:

Phase change ، Roll-Over ، Gas hydrates ، Asphaltene deposition