Effect of the transplantation technique in overcoming high temperatures during the flowering stage of Sunflower Helianthus annus L.

سال انتشار: 1397
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 276

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شناسه ملی سند علمی:

CFAS01_330

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 20 آبان 1397

چکیده مقاله:

The cultivation of seeds inside a Greenhouse for the purpose of producing seedlings and then transferred to the field is a modern technique not used on the sunflower in Iraq and the world. Three experiments were carried out in 2017 in the Directorate of Agriculture in Diyala Governorate within the project of developing the Sunflower spring season in Iraq, which is managed by the Department of Field Crops Sciences at the College of Agriculture - University of Diyala, In order to study the response of plants of sunflower spring season to the transplantation technique under the system of drip irrigation. The first and second experiments were carried out inside the greenhouse according to the Complete Random Design CRD with four replicates. In the first experiment, the cork dishes were used in three treatments (seedlings age 20, 30 and 40 days) while, In the second experiment, the scattering seeds was used in the same treatment as in the first experiment. Seedlings age 30 days that achieved good results in the greenhouse for both agriculture methods were transferred to the field on 1 March 2017. While the third experiment was carried out in the permanent field according to the Complete Rrandom Bloch Design RCBD with three replicates. The results of the first experiment in the greenhouse showed that the seedlings age 40 days produced from the cork dishes evens higher mean in root length 19.1 cm, dry weight of root 5.0 g, stem length 21.0 cm, leaf number 5.2 leaf and dry weight of vegetative parts 4.9 g, and did not differ significantly from seedlings age 30 days, which recorded 18.8 cm ,4.7 g , 20.3 cm , 5.4 leaf and 5.5 g, respectively, The results of the second experiment in the greenhouse showed that the seedlings age 40 days produced from scattering seeds method caused highest mean in root length 21.9 cm , dry weight of the root 5.8 g , stem length 28.4 cm , total number of leaves 6.1 leaf and the dry weight optative 6.2 gm, and did not differ significantly from seedlings age 30 days, which recorded 21.1 cm , 5.2 g , 27.0 cm , 5.8 leaf and 5.7 gm respectively. In the absence of significant differences between the seedlings age 30 and 40 days in all studied traits, the transfer and cultivation of seedlings in the field was adopted at age 30 days. As for the results of the field experiment, it showed that the cultivation of seedlings with cork dishes recorded the lowest mean in plant height 168.7 cm and highest mean in stem diameter 7.6 mm , leaf area 11366 cm², and achieved the least period of vegetative growth 50.3 days, reflected in realization of early date of flowering reached 20 April. Also recorded method of scattering seeds early in date of flowering reached 12 May compared to the traditional method, which was delayed at the date of flowering to 23 May. We conclude from the present study that the use of transplantation technique for seedlings age 30 days by using cork dishes has reduced the period of vegetative growth, the growth was faster with adaptability to the most inappropriate conditions and reached the flowering stage early, which exceeded the high temperatures during the periods of pollination and fertilization compared to the traditional method and has a good vegetative cover represented by increasing the leaf area and stem diameter.

نویسندگان

n.f Almubarak

Professor, Dept. of Field Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala

n.y Alghargan

Assist.lecturer ,Biology, Directorate of Education in Diyala Province

m.s Altamimi

Extension Center and Agricultural Training in Diyala Province

a.a Sahi

Extension Center and Agricultural Training in Diyala Province