Novel cancer biomarkers

To detect and monitor tumors in early stages, liquid biopsy, from a patient’s blood as a noninvasive method was developed. During cancer progression, many tumors shed circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor RNAs/DNAs(circRNAs/CTDs) and other biomarkers such as miRNAs into the bloodstream. More importance is progress towards the isolation and recovery of CTCs from whole blood samples for the identification of cells with high metastatic potential and the techniques that initially pointed to the clinical significance of CTCs and describe the key requirements for clinical applications of CTC analysis. CTC research has been shown their prognostic significance, their utility in real-time monitoring of therapies, the identification of therapeutic and resistance targets, and understanding the process of metastasis(۱). Up to ۱% of the total circulating DNA in patients with cancer is circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that originates from tumor cells. In breast cancer, short fragments of ctDNA are more frequently found in patients with metastatic disease compared with patients with early-stage disease (۲). Evidence indicates that circular RNAs are not simply a side product of splicing but a new class of noncoding RNAs which More and more studies showed that dysregulated expression of circular RNAs plays critical roles in cancer(۳). Many studies have shown that miRNA(a class of small non-coding RNAs) dysregulation is involved in cancer initiation(as oncogenes or tumor suppressors), invasion and metastasis(۴). With the above enablers, novel cancer biomarkers may be useful, both for assessing early and established neoplasia more precisely and for contributing data toward the development of novel practical concepts regarding cancer biology.

کلیدواژه ها:

CircTC ، CircTDNA ، CircTRNA ، miRNA ، clinical application