Hyperprolactinemia caused by Antipsychotics Risk Factor for Breast Cancer

Background and Aim : todays, Antipsychotic drugs are playing a key role in the treatment of psychiatricdisorders; however, using these drugs for a long time or in high dose can lead to side effects like increasedserum levels of prolactin, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, pituitary tumors, menstrual irregularity andinfertility. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of hyperprolactinemia that is induced byantipsychotics in the risk of breast cancer.Methods : The present study is a review study, carried out in 1398. In this study, researchers firstly searchedin Google scholar search engine, and more specifically on Persian databases like SID, Iran medex, Magiran,and English databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Springer. Keywordswere used in this search include Hyperprolactin, Antipsychotics, Women, Breast Cancer, Mental Illness,Complications, and the English keywords comprised hyperprolactinaemia, Psychiatric patients, BreastCancer, Antipsychotics, women, and Complications. Afterwards, the searched articles from 2000 to 2018were investigated. Out of 213 articles, 47 articles were finally utilized for writingResults : The findings of this study were inconsistent. Two of studies were claimed that with the increaseof Prolactin, antipsychotics can Reduce Estrogen, which can decrease Breast Cancer Risk. Another 12studies, with tracking the women repeatedly, found the drug ineffective at the risk of breast cancer.However, in another 33 studies, taking antipsychotic drugs can increase the risk of cancer by increasingblood prolactin levels. There are many different mechanisms were introduced that can play important rolelike expression of estrogen receptors, activation of JAK-STAT5, stimulation of DNA synthesis in breast,and enhancement of cell growth. Regarding to the conducted studies, there are factors like Family historyof breast cancer, female gender, the onset age (more likely in postmenopausal women), estrogen receptorstatus (positive receptor more likely to get cancer), lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, obesity and othercontributing factors that are important in breast cancer), duration of medication and type of drug used,current status of the breasts (according to pre-medication tests), number of children and primary levelprolactin in blood, which are extremely important in the level of the risk this danger.Conclusion : Regarding to the investigation of the literatures, the risk of breast cancer for women who takeantipsychotic drugs is controversial; therefore, with considering the important factors in this problem, it isrecommended that an appropriate management procedure should be implemented.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hyperprolactin ، Antipsychotic ، Breast cancer