Multi-Competence Theory & SLA

This paper intends to review Cook’s multi-competence theory. Most theories and models of SLA construe L2 learners as a lifetime learner who is affected by transfer from his/her L1 properties. Those models constantly compare L2 learners’ achievements with native speaker norms and deem them as insufficient. Unlike them, multi-competence theory focuses on the L2 user (rather than l2 learner) as a socially and individually valued being with legitimate interlanguage at any point in time. This theory rejects native speaker norms and highlights the reverse direction of transfer from L2 to L1. As a result, the roles of native and non-native teachers, materials and students’ first language are reexamined and discussed. Also, several recommendations and implications are mentioned which may enhance language education and classroom practices. Finally, the major criticisms and some future directions are reviewed as well.

کلیدواژه ها:

multi-competence ، native speaker ، L2 user ، transfer