Distribution of Chlorophenols, 2,4-Dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, and Pentachlorophenol in surface water throughout Iran.

The chlorophenol pollutants (CPs) have been reported to occur at relatively high concentrations in some Iran waters. To map the distribution of CPs in the surface water throughout Iran, samples were collected from over 55 sites in the seven major watersheds and three drainage areas. The samples were analyzed for the representative CPs including 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol. In general, it was observed that 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were more frequently detected at higher concentrations in the rivers of in southwest of Iran compared with those of South IRAN. High concentration sites of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol mainly occurred in the Karun River, watersheds, while pentachlorophenol contamination mainly occurred in the Karkheh River watershed. The pentachlorophenol was the most ubiquitous CPs being detected in 67.8% of samples (median = 41.4 ng l-1; range <2.3–484.3 ng l-1), 2,4-dichlorophenol was detected in 51.3% (median = 58.1 ng l-1 range <5.6–12351.3 ng l-1) and the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was detected in 57.1% of water samples (median = 3.4 ng l-1, range <1.3– 16437.2 ng l-1). The results of this investigation indicated that 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol contaminations of Karun River watersheds were of particular concern, while the pentachlorophenol contamination mainly occurred in the Karkheh River watershed. These results showed that CPs contamination in the surface water of Iran was similar to other places of the world.

کلیدواژه ها:

Chlorophenols ، Surface water ، Pentachlorophenol ، 2 ، 4 ، 6-trichloro phenol ، Iran