The competitive position of nuclear energy from a sustainable development perspective since most health and environmental costs

سال انتشار: 1387
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 1,579

فایل این مقاله در 8 صفحه با فرمت PDF قابل دریافت می باشد

استخراج به نرم افزارهای پژوهشی:

لینک ثابت به این مقاله:

شناسه ملی سند علمی:

FEENC01_017

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 25 خرداد 1387

چکیده مقاله:

Until the last ten or twenty years sustainable energy was thought of simply in terms of availability relative to the rate of use. Today, in the context of the ethical framework of sustainable development, other aspects are equally important. These include environmental effects and the question of wastes, even if they have no environmental effect. Safety is also an issue, as well as the broad and indefinite aspect of maximizing the options available to future generations. There are many who see no realistic alternative to pushing sustainable development criteria into the front line of energy policy. In the light of concerns about global warming due to human enhancement of the greenhouse effect, there is clearly growing concern about how we address energy needs on a sustainable basis. There is abundant coal in many parts of the world, but with the constraints imposed by concern about global warming, it is likely that this will increasingly be seen as chemical feedstock and its large-scale use for electricity production will be scaled down. Current proposals for "clean coal" technologies may change this outlook. The main technology involves using the coal to make hydrogen from water by a two-stage gasification process, then burying the carbon dioxide and burning the hydrogen. Elements of the technology are proven but the challenge is to bring the cost down sufficiently to compete with nuclear power. Natural gas is also reasonably abundant but is so valuable for direct use after being reticulated to the point where heat is required, and as a chemical feedstock, that its large-scale use for power generation makes little sense and is arguably unsustainable. Fuel for nuclear power is abundant, and if well-proven but currently uneconomic fast breeder technology is used, or thorium becomes a nuclear fuel, the supply is almost limitless. Uranium is even available from sea water at costs which would have little impact on electricity prices. In any case the resource can be multiplied 60- to one hundred-fold by adopting the kind of technology which our postwar forebears thought would be necessary by now - fast neutron reactors used as breeders. As well as energy costs, there are external costs to be considered, those environmental and health consequences of energy production which do not appear in the financial accounts. Recent studies have plausibly quantified them in financial terms, and I will comment on those at the end. In this study, nuclear power shows up very well as a net provider of energy, and with centrifuge enrichment is closely comparable.

نویسندگان

F Ahari Hashemi

Nuclear Science Research School, AEOI, P.O. Box: ۱۱۳۶۵-۳۴۸۶, Tehran, Iran

مراجع و منابع این مقاله:

لیست زیر مراجع و منابع استفاده شده در این مقاله را نمایش می دهد. این مراجع به صورت کاملا ماشینی و بر اساس هوش مصنوعی استخراج شده اند و لذا ممکن است دارای اشکالاتی باشند که به مرور زمان دقت استخراج این محتوا افزایش می یابد. مراجعی که مقالات مربوط به آنها در سیویلیکا نمایه شده و پیدا شده اند، به خود مقاله لینک شده اند :
  • OECD/IEA, 1992, Electricity Supply in the OECD, (above Figure from ...
  • OECD/ IEA NEA 1998, Projected Costs of Generating Electricity ...
  • OECD/ IEA NEA 2005, Projected Costs of Generating Electricity- update ...
  • OECD, 1994, The Economics of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear ...
  • NEI: US generating cost data, Dec 1999, Siemens Power Journal ...
  • Tarjanne & Rissanen, 2000, in Proceedings 25th International Symposium, Uranium ...
  • Percebois, J. 2003, The peaceful uses of nuclear energy, Energy ...
  • Gutierrez, J 2003, Nuclear Fuel _ key for the compe ...
  • US NRC, Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004, the Costs of ...
  • نمایش کامل مراجع