Dietary patterns in relation to the breast cancer in Iran

Introduction & Aim: Multiple factors, including environmental and/or genetic factors, could be associated with the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Although nutrition has consistently been found to be an important determinant of the breast cancer, the impact of overall dietary patterns in the etiology of breast cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and breast cancer.Methods: Data on lifestyle, diet and family history were collected from the 87 newly diagnosed breast cancer premenopausal women and 198 five-year age matched controls. All cases were considered for inclusion if breast cancer diagnosis occurred less than six month before interview and if no history of other s cancers. Controls were hospitalized for non-neoplastic conditions in the same hospital, were not taking hormone therapy in the three months before recruitment, had not a history of cancer, had not current chronic or acute liver disease, or who had not undergone bilateral ovariectomy. Usual dietary intakes were obtained using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 food items. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dietary patterns were adjusted for age and major relevant covariates based on the review of literatures. Results: In principal component analysis two dietary patterns emerged: Prudent pattern (leafy green vegetables, yellow vegetables, other vegetables, tomatoes, fish and other seafood, fruits and natural fruit juices, legumes, whole grains, poultry, tea and coffee, Low-fat dairy products, and vegetable oils) and Western pattern (organ meats, red and processed meats, sugar, soft drinks and confectionery, refined grains, potatoes, French fries and fast foods, high-fat dairy products, hydrogenated fats, Mayonnaise and fatty sauces, and snacks). After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of the Prudent pattern scores, had 53% lower risk of osteoporosis compared to those in the lowest one (ptrend: 0.004). Being in the highest tertile of the Western pattern was positively associated with the breast cancer (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.83-3.84).Conclusion: Adherence to Western pattern is potentially an unfavorable indicator of breast cancer whilea diet comprising mainly of plant and milk based foods may be associated with a reduced risk. Further studies with well-designed prospective cohort studies are required to confirm the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer.

کلیدواژه ها:

dietary patterns ، principal component analysis ، breast cancer ، case control