CHALLENGES of GAS EXPORT PIPELINE PROJECTS

In the following research, gas challenges and solutions adopted for gas export pipelines will be studied . In recent decades, many successful projects such as Nord Stream,South Stream, Langeled and Trans-Mediterranean pipelines have been constructed, include lots of creative ideas. Many of those can be implemented in similarprojects. Gas exports to Oman and India are expected to be implemented in coming years. So it would be beneficial to become familiar with experiences of similar projectsbecause future projects may encounter these obstacles too. For instance, in the Nord Stream pipeline, which transports the natural gas from Russia to Germany, existing cablesand pipelines, munitions dump, cultural heritage, fishing activities, logistic and shipwreck sites were constraints which have been solved with creative ideas and solutions. At the present time, more than 50 percent of world s energy consumption is oil and gas (Figure 1). Disparity between consumption and domestic production, makes oiland gas trading more important, for example, about 60 percent of proven gas reserves are in Russia and the Middle East while the European Union s share is just 0.7percent [1].