The effect of environment and maternal plant on germination traits of sugar beet seeds and an approach toselect the superior genotype

The growth environment of seed on maternal plant and genotype influence the qualitative traits of sugar beetseeds. The present study focused on the effect of environment and maternal plant on 1000-seed weight and seedgermination traits in 10 single crosses. The sugar beet single crosses were derived from the crosses of 10 malesterile lines with a pollinator obtained from three locations including Ardabil, Firuzkuh, and Karaj. The studywas performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2014. Results of combinedanalysis showed that the effect of environment and genotype was significant on 1000-seed weight andgermination traits. The environmental conditions that cause the increase in 1000-seed weight resulted in the lossof germination percentage and increased mean germination time. The interaction of environment and differentmaternal plants for seed germination rate showed that in addition to genetic diversity, seed productionenvironment controls this trait. Therefore, the germination traits of sugar beet seed are formed on the maternalplant during seed development and maturing. The selection index of ideal genotype (SIIG) with respect to fourgermination traits were used to identify the best single crosses. The single crosses MS SB17 * OT 231 and MS419 * OT 231 had the least deviation from the positive ideal parameters and the most deviation from thenegative ideal parameters among all single crosses. Therefore, these single crosses were selected as the bestsuperior single crosses in germination traits. Also, the single crosses MS 436 * OT 231 and MS 261 * OT 231were the genotypes with the lowest germination quality as their SIIG was close to 0.

کلیدواژه ها:

seed quality ، sugar beet ، ideal genotype ، maternal plant