A reviewing of the methods for investigating effects of Off-Road vehicles (ORV) on the environment and geomorphology of arid regions

The environmental impacts of dust emission, dust transport, and dust deposition have become a major concern since the recent decades. Off-road driving (ORD) has strong negative impacts on soil crusting and sub-soil compaction and that these negative impacts are during both dry and wet soil conditions. Most studies dealing with Off-road vehicles (ORV) dust focus on the emission rates, using active or passive sampling techniques. Three types of vehicles: 4-wheelers (quads), dirt bikes (motorcycles) and dune buggies, are common ORV, especially in arid zones and deserts. Methods used in this regard can be categorized into two general categories of the field and remote sensing alongside the GIS. The type of the vehicle, tires, driving speed, the number of passes, surface type, surface dryness or wetness, vegetation, topography, etc. are of important factors that should be considered in field methods. The image properties, analysis methods, indicators, and coefficients are of factors that should be considered in remote sensing.

کلیدواژه ها:

Off-Road ، Impacts ، Environment ، Surface Conditions ، Geomorphology ، Landforms ، Arid Regions