Personalized micro-RNA profiling and their individualized theranostic applications in cancer treatment

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are studied as class of theranostic markers suitable for personalized medicine; since they have some ideal characteristics such as specificity, stability and classification power for rapid and strong analysis, all of which need in theranostic application.Considering the presence of microRNAs in all the cellular pathways, they possess undeniable roles in malignancies. For example, tumor suppressors and onco-miRs can cause proliferation, migration, epithelial mesenchymal transition and invasion. miRNA expression level can also indicate cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, useful earlier detection of cancer. microRNAs can affect tumor environment and influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of patient-specific cancer drugs. Exact expression pattern of microRNAs not only indicates the origin of the tumor but also shows the degree of differentiation and classification of non-recognizable tumor tissues. The most important factor of microRNAs study is how to profiling microRNA expression which can be achieved by three major methods: amplification-based (real-time quantitative PCR, qRT-PCR), hybridization-based (microarrays), and sequencing-based (next-generation sequencing (NGS)) technologies. In addition, microRNAs can be detected in human tissue specimens, fresh or formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE).However, each miRNA can affect large number of gene targets and each gene can be controlled with more than one miRNA complicated targeted detection, compare to other biomarkers, their important regulatory role in various biological processes, utilization as non-invasive diagnostic tests which are indigenous, safe and sensitive in pathology follow-up as well as convenient detection cause to achieve personalized hope for cancer diagnosis biomarker and computational/experimental biology with medical practices.

کلیدواژه ها:

miRNA ، cancer ، personalized medicine