Recent update on checkpoint inhibitors for cancer immune therapy

T cell exhaustion is a phenomenon that occurs during chronic antigen exposure and cancers. Exhausted T cells have dampened effector function and proliferative capacity, decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and over expression of inhibitory receptors which are known as checkpoints. Exhausted T cells are defective in controlling tumors, which causes the glory of cancer against immune system. Until now, various approaches to re- invigorate the immune system exist to attack the cancer cells. In recent years, basic, translational and clinical data have been integrated into checkpoint inhibitor development programs at many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Production of this checkpoint inhibitors is an indispensable parts of the drug development process. This lecture will focus on recent cancer treatment via inhibition of prominent candidate of immune check points such as PD1, PDL1, CTLA-4, GITRs which are enrolled in clinical trials for treatment of diverse types of cancer. In addition the advantage of combination therapy with check point inhibitors will be discussed