Replacing chemical pesticides by genetic engineering

By entering the new era, the basic structures of societies have changed and irrational exploitation of nature has opened human eyes to the shocking facts resulted from inappropriate use of nature and has led him to faster protection and more comprehensive planning in this area. Man has put his health and life directly at risk with doing injuries to key elements of nature (air, water and soil) and this risk manifests itself in a variety of diseases and morbidity altogether. With the advent of chemical pesticides to increase agricultural production and food security, outbreak and emergence of diseases such as cancer and infertility has increased significantly.In recent decades, the spermatozoa parameters have been dramatically reduced which is directly linked with increasing use of organophosphate for agricultural and household pesticides. Diazinon is a common agricultural organophosphate insecticide which is used both in Iran and in the world, especially in rice fields. Protein phosphorylation and changes in spermatozoon chromatin and degradation of cell DNA are among degradation mechanisms expressed by diazinon. In pregnant women, diazinon impacts the fetal development and stops it which results in decreased fetal weight and fetal deformities in the genital tract.In addition to the risks resulting from the use of pesticides, excessive and unprofessional applications also contribute to the problem such that, the World Health Organization in 2007, reported the rate of deaths from pesticide poisoning about twenty thousand people and non-fatal poisoning has been reported as three million people.In order to reduce the risks of pesticides on humans and non-target organisms in the environment, new methods should be replaced with the use of chemical pesticides. The present options are genetic modifications to make the plants resistant to certain factors, such as pests and plant diseases.Although genetic modification of plants has many benefits for the environment, due to reduced performance and possible aflatoxin contamination, and despite passing nearly a century of its emergence, has been applied only on one percent of the acreage globally. genetic modifications of plants, including the use of genetic engineering over the past two decades has enjoyed a rare welcome so that almost one hundred percent of cotton production in countries such as India, Pakistan and America are resistant to pests and are genetically engineered or transgenic. The other genetically engineered products are corn, potato, soybean, canola, rice, tomato and alfalfa which occupy more than 10 million hectares of the world agricultural space (eleven percent of the total cultivated area). In our country, transgenic Tarom Molaei rice is resistant to stem borer pest, and the use of pesticides during cultivation has been removed and this rice is one of the success stories in reducing pesticide use. Another example across the world, is golden rice. This type of rice plays an important role in vitamin A deficiency compensation. In addition to reducing vision problems (especially in children), vitamin A play an important role in the regulation of reproductive glands.According to shocking statistics published about diseases caused by toxins in the environment (particularly cancer and abnormalities of the reproduction) controlled use of these toxins is necessary. The positive impact of transgenic crops and its lack of negative impact on human, animals and the environment health is documented in prestigious scientific articles and numerous national and international reports.

کلیدواژه ها:

Chemicals ، Environmental ، Genetic engineering ، Infertility ، Transgenic