Exosomes & clinical applications

Exosomes that naturally drove from early endosomes are one of the intracellular vesicles secreted by all type cells (both healthy and diseased) ranging in size from 30-150 nm diameter. Theoretically, they are one of the most important ways to communicate between cells, by delivering molecular information (like proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, molecular chaperones and signaling molecules) between cells. Exosome cargo and their overall composition vary according to the parent cell type, its state of activation and/or stress conditions. Nowadays, many laboratories isolate exosomes from conditioned media via ultracentrifugation and characterize fractions based on their membrane protein content and/or cargo by Western blot for CD9, CD63, and CD81 as well as electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). One of the most important uses of exosomes is its use for vehicles to transport therapeutic microRNAs, proteins or drugs directly to cells. According to some studies, exosomes derived from tumor cells have been used to carry the drug to parental cells. Tissue regeneration can be another role of the exosomes. In this base, natural and engineered stem cell- driven exosomes (especially MSC-Exo) may be a superior factor to single-molecule drugs delivery and whole cells function because of the ease of bioengineering while retaining superior biocompatibility and bio stability. Besides the exosomes, a promising solution has been developed based on microfluidic technologies. This new approach has incorporated a host of separation and sensing capabilities for exosomes isolation, detection, and analysis with emphasis on clinical applications. Their behavior in body fluids makes them an attractive candidate for diagnostic and therapeutic tools. It seems that these novel capabilities promise to advance research in some fields including personalized medicine.

کلیدواژه ها:

Exsosome ، Tissue regeneration ، Cell-Free therapy ، Personalized medicine ، Microfluidic