Role of bioprinting for cardiovascular tissue engineering

3D printing has already been used to generate individualized models for cardiovascular surgeons to visualize anatomical structures. The 3D printing approach has been introduced into tissue engineering field by using biodegradable biopolymers for building complex and composite scaffolds and tissues constructs. Functional vascular network is essential to facilitate oxygen transfer, deliver nutrients, remove metabolicwaste and promote the circulation of immune cells. Angiogenic growth factors also play an important role in neovascularization. In the study investigated the controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from gelatin microparticles (GMP) within 3Dbioprinted scaffolds, and the effects on subsequent vascularization. Myocardial tissue engineering (MTE) requires high density of cardiomyocytes and various supporting cells, vascularization and efficient oxygen exchange to generate synchronous contractions. 3D bioprinting can pattern and assemble cells with high density, defined organization and spatial distribution. It also enables the generation of multiple layered constructs with multiple cell types. 3D bioprinting, especially Extrusion based bioprinting, has been implemented to fabricate tissue engineered heart valve conduits. The advantages of using 3D bioprinting technique over traditional approaches are the ability to generate (1) anatomically accurate trileaflet valves; (2) mechanically heterogeneous valve conduits and (3) living engineered valves with spatial and temporal valve cells (valve interstitial cells and smooth muscle cells) distribution. Currently, several valve models/designs have been used and reported for the printing. In the study implemented a simple flat-shaped model and bioprinted trileaflet valve conduits using a combination of methacrylated hyaluronic acid and methacrylated gelatin with encapsulation of human aortic valve interstitial cells

کلیدواژه ها:

Bioprinting ، Tissue engineering ، Cardiovascular