A review of nanostructured surface and materials for dental implants: surface coating, pattering and functionalization for improved performance

Nanostructured implant is an emerging field that is finding enormous scope in the medical science and dental implant. Surface nanofeatures are providing considerable potential solutions to medical problems by the introduction of better biomaterials, improved implant design, and surface engineering techniques such as coating, patterning, functionalization and molecular grafting at the nanoscale. This review is of interdisciplinary nature, addressing the history and development of dental implant, an emerging area of nanotechnology in dental implant. After a brief introduction on nanotechnology in dental implant, the main classes of dental implants, an overview of different types of nanomaterials (i.e. metals, metal oxides, ceramics, polymers and hydrides) used in dental implant together with their unique properties, influence of elemental compositions and surface morphologies and possible applications are presented from a chemical point of view. In the core of this review, the dental implant materials, physical and chemical fabrication techniques, and the role of nanotechnology in achieving ideal dental implants are discussed. Finally, the critical parameters in dental implants design and available data on the current dental implant surfaces that use Nano-topography in clinical dentistry are discussed.

کلیدواژه ها:

Dental implant ، Coating ، Patterning ، Functionalization ، Nanotechnology