Stem cell seeded on 3D nanofibrous scaffold for regeneration of critical-size rat calvarial defect

IntroductionDeveloping three dimensional scaffolds is a key factor in tissue engineering field in order to the regeneration of a damaged tissue. Mimicking the nanofibrous structure of the native ECM is important for stimulation in healing and regeneration of tissues by providing large surface area-to-volume ratio which forms adequate niche to enhance cell functions. In addition, adequate porosity and appropriate pore size are crucial parameters in designing such 3D scaffolds, as they should provide the right space for cell adhesion, spreading, migration and growth.ObjectivesIn this study, innovative 3D nanofibrous scaffold based on polycaprolactone and gelatin containing coral microparticles, possessing appropriate porosity and pore size, was fabricated by a modified electrospinning technique.MethodsBone marrow from both femurs of six male rats was extracted by minimally invasive technique. After the aspiration, the cell suspension was centrifuged and stored in cell culture flask. After removing the non-adherent cells, stem cells were extracted from passage 3(P3) and seeded on the fabricated scaffolds for 10 days. Two cylindrical defects with 5-mm diameter were applied in the both sides of each rat scull and stem cell-seeded scaffolds were implanted in these critical-size calvarial defects.ResultsHistological analysis (H & E staining) represented the formation of integrated osseous tissue within the defect region. This histological analysis is consistent with the outcome of in vitro ALP activity assay, showing increased cellular osteogenic differentiation. Computed tomography (CT) images indicated the regeneration of damaged tissue up to 90% within 12 weeks.ConclusionThe obtained results indicated the significant osteoconduction and osteoinduction properties of the fabricated scaffolds and confirmed that these scaffolds possessed an impressive capability in the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects

کلیدواژه ها:

Nanofibrous scaffold ، Stem Cell ، Bone ، Tissue engineering