Environmental problems indicator under environmental modeling toward sustainable development

This research aims to apply a model to the study and analysis of environmental and natural resource costs created in supply chains of goods and services produced in Thailand, and propose indicators for environmental problem management, caused by goods and services production, based on concepts of sustainable production and consumerbehavior. The research showed that the highest environmental cost in terms of Natural Resource Materials was frompipelines and gas distribution, while the lowest was for farming coconuts. The highest environmental cost in terms ofEnergy and Transportation was for iron and steel. The highest environmental cost in the category of Fertilizer andPesticides was for oil palm. For Sanitation Services, the highest environmental cost was movie theaters. Overall, thelowest environmental cost for all categories, except Natural Resource Materials, was for petroleum and refineries. Basedon the cost index, coconut farming gained the highest Real Benefit to the farm owner, while pipelines and gas distribution had the lowest Real Benefit. If Thailand were to use a similar environmental problem indicator, it could be applied to formulate efficient policy and strategy for the country in three areas, namely social, economic, and environmental development.

کلیدواژه ها:

Energy and transportation ، Environment cost ، Fertilizer and pesticides ، Indicator ، Natural resources materials ، Real benefit ، Sanitary and similar services