The Bases, Principles, and Methods of Decision-Making: A Review of Literature

Introduction: Decision-making, one of the most important conscious processes, is acognitive process which ends up in choosing an action between several alternatives.The present paper studies the theoretical literature with the aim of forming an integratedconcept of decision-making.Methods: In the present review, “Decision, Decision-making, types of decision-making,methods of decision-making, classification of decision-making, decision-makingreinforcement, decision-making facilitation, decision-making reduction, decisionmakingdeficiencies, decision-making optimization, decision-making assessment, anddecision-making evaluation” were the keywords which were searched in “PubMed,ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Google Patent, MagIran, Taylor and Francis, SID,Proquest, Ebsco, Springer, IEEE, Kolwer, & IranDoc” search engines. With respect tothe relation of the study parts, academic publishes after 2000 and the relevant Jadadsystem sources were selected. The manuscripts then were finalized by the evaluationof five experts in decision-making studies via the Delphi method.Results: 9 definitions in 3 classes, 4 involved factors, 5 types of decision-making, processesand steps of decision-making, 11 techniques of individual and participatory decision-making, 3 groupings of steps of decision-making, 5 related theories, 7relatedconstructs, MCDM, biopsychological bases, military decision-making, medical decision-making, and Islamic decision-making were found.Conclusion: Teaching correct ways of decision-making, appending decision-makingcourses to syllabi of university majors, and the development of databases in varieddomains, especially in medical services, are among the effective strategies to improvedecision-making and reduce the costs of decision-making mistakes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Decision ، Decision-making ، Decision-making methods ، Jadad Method ، Delphi Method